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The MESSENGER probe discovered Mercury's Rembrandt (pictured) – the second largest impact crater on the planet.
Al-Qaeda bombed the oil tanker Limburg, causing oil to leak into the Gulf of Aden.
Denouncing corruption in Argentine president Fernando de la Rúa's administration and the Senate, Vice President Carlos Álvarez resigned.
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The 2025 Alberta teachers' strike begins, leaving approximately 51,000 teachers off-work, impacting about 730,000 Albertan students.
Annie Ernaux is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The United States Senate confirms Brett Kavanaugh as a Supreme Court Associate Justice, ending a contentious confirmation process.
Instagram, a mainstream photo-sharing application, is founded.
Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth.
The first planet orbiting another sun, 51 Pegasi b, is discovered.
Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-41, and deploys the Ulysses space probe to study the Sun's polar regions.
Fiji becomes a republic.
Police constable Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London.
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is murdered by Islamic extremists.
NLM CityHopper Flight 431 crashes in Moerdijk after taking off from Rotterdam The Hague Airport in the Netherlands, killing all 17 people on board.
Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House.
The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-29, designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight.
Cubana de Aviación Flight 455 is destroyed by two bombs, placed on board by an anti-Castro militant group.
Premier Hua Guofeng arrests the Gang of Four, ending the Cultural Revolution in China.
Dozens are killed by Thai police and right-wing paramilitaries in the Thammasat University massacre; afterwards, the Seni Pramoj government is toppled in a military coup led by Sangad Chaloryu.
Egypt and Syria launch coordinated attacks against Israel, beginning the Yom Kippur War.
World War II: Units of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps enter Czechoslovakia during the Battle of the Dukla Pass.
World War II: Thirteen civilians are burnt alive by a paramilitary group in Crete during the Nazi occupation of Greece.
World War II: American troops force the Japanese from their positions east of the Matanikau River during the Battle of Guadalcanal.
World War II: The Battle of Kock is the final combat of the September Campaign in Poland.
Revolution of 1934: The President of the autonomous government of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, proclaims the Catalan State with the support of the Worker's Alliance.
Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent "talkie" movie.
The Turkish National Movement enters Constantinople.
Ukrainian War of Independence: The Starobilsk agreement is signed by representatives of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Makhnovshchina.
World War I: Combined Austro-Hungarian and German Central Powers, reinforced by the recently joined Bulgaria launched a new offensive against Serbia under command of August von Mackensen.
World War I: Entente forces land in Thessaloniki, to open the Macedonian front against the Central Powers.
Eleftherios Venizelos is elected Prime Minister of Greece for the first of seven times.
The Bosnian crisis erupts when Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music.
The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.
In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.
The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.
A large fire destroys a third of all the buildings in the town of Raahe in the Grand Duchy of Finland.
French Revolution: King Louis XVI is forced to change his residence from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace.
American Revolutionary War: British forces capture Forts Clinton and Montgomery on the Hudson River.
Seven Years' War: The British capture Manila from Spain and occupy it.
Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.
Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.
Spain's DeSoto expedition takes over the Apalachee capital of Anhaica for their winter quarters.
Transition from Sui to Tang: Wang Shichong decisively defeats Li Mi at the Battle of Yanshi.
Byzantine Empress Eudoxia dies from the miscarriage of her seventh pregnancy.
Rebels decapitate Wang Mang , only Emperor of the Xin Dynasty, after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion.
Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdues Armenia.
Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio of the Roman army of the mid-Republic