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The Ecnomiohyla rabborum became extinct when the last known surviving member died in captivity.
Forty-three students of the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College in Iguala, Mexico, were kidnapped and probably later killed.
Scottish aid worker Linda Norgrove and three Afghan colleagues were kidnapped by members of the Taliban in Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
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Hurricane Helene makes landfall in Perry, Florida as a Category 4 hurricane, killing over 250 people, causing US$78.7 billion in damage and becoming the deadliest hurricane in the mainland United States since Katrina.
A mass shooting occurs at a school in Izhevsk, Udmurtia, Russia, resulting in the deaths of 18 people, including 11 children.
A mass kidnapping of 43 students from a teaching college occurs in Iguala, Mexico.
The Philippine Bar exam bombing occurs near the De La Salle University in Taft Avenue, Manila injuring 47 people.
Typhoon Ketsana hits the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, causing 700 fatalities.
The overcrowded Senegalese ferry, MV Le Joola, capsizes off the coast of the Gambia killing more than 1,000.
Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 20,000 protesters) turn violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
The MS Express Samina sinks off Paros in the Aegean Sea killing 80 passengers.
A Garuda Indonesia Airbus A300 crashes near Medan airport, killing 234.
An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and the Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.
A Yakovlev Yak-40 crashes into a river near Vanavara, Russia, killing 24.
A Nigerian Air Force Lockheed C-130 Hercules crashes in Ejigbo, Lagos, killing 159.
The United Kingdom and China agree to a transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, to take place in 1997.
Soviet Air Force officer Stanislav Petrov identifies a report of an incoming nuclear missile as a computer error and not an American first strike, thus preventing nuclear war.
Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L, intended to launch a crew to the Salyut 7 space station, explodes on the launch pad. The launch escape system is activated before the Soyuz-U rocket explodes, saving the crew.
A terrorist bombing at the Oktoberfest in Munich, Germany, kills 13 people and injures 213 others.
Air Caribbean Flight 309 crashes in Residencial Las Casas in San Juan, Puerto Rico, killing six.
In Chicago, the first televised debate takes place between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy.
Typhoon Vera, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in recorded history, makes landfall, killing 4,580 people and leaving nearly 1.6 million others homeless.
The Japanese rail ferry Tōya Maru sinks during a typhoon in the Tsugaru Strait, Japan, killing 1,172.
Rationing of sugar in the United Kingdom ends.
Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul from North Korean forces.
Holocaust: Senior SS official August Frank issues a memorandum detailing how Jews should be "evacuated".
Spanish Civil War: Lluis Companys reshuffles the Generalitat de Catalunya, with the marxist POUM and anarcho-syndicalist CNT joining the government.
As gangster Machine Gun Kelly surrenders to the FBI, he shouts out, "Don't shoot, G-Men!", which becomes a nickname for FBI agents.
The German government calls off the passive resistance to the French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr.
Ukrainian War of Independence: The Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine defeats the White Russian Volunteer Army at the Battle of Peregonovka.
World War I: The Meuse-Argonne Offensive began which would last until the total surrender of German forces.
World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood begins.
The United States Federal Trade Commission is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
Four months after the 1907 Imperial Conference, New Zealand and Newfoundland are promoted from colonies to dominions within the British Empire.
Albert Einstein publishes the third of his Annus Mirabilis papers, introducing the special theory of relativity.
A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.
War of the 2nd Coalition: French troops defeat Austro-Russian forces, leading to the collapse of Suvorov's campaign.
George Washington appoints Thomas Jefferson the first United States Secretary of State.
American Revolutionary War: British troops capture and begin the occupation of Philadelphia, which had been serving as the American capital city, during the Philadelphia campaign.
The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
Morean War: The Parthenon in Athens, used as a gunpowder depot by the Ottoman garrison, is partially destroyed after being bombarded during the Siege of the Acropolis by Venetian forces.
Francis Drake finishes his circumnavigation of the Earth in Plymouth, England.
Pope Alexander VI issues the papal bull Dudum siquidem to the Spanish, extending the grant of new lands he made them in Inter caetera.
Hundred Years' War: A French army defeats the English at the Battle of La Brossinière.
Serbian–Turkish wars: Ottoman Turks fought against a Serbian army at the Battle of Maritsa.
Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
The Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
Stephen of Blois's army approached Oxford, beginning the siege of Oxford.
William II is crowned King of England, and reigns until 1100.
Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus.